Artificial intelligence-mediated pedagogical strategies for the development of communication, collaboration, and critical thinking: A systematic review
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The integration of artificial intelligence tools into education has transformed teaching, learning, and assessment practices, particularly regarding the development of complex skills such as communication, collaboration, and critical thinking. However, the available evidence remains fragmented, with heterogeneous approaches to pedagogical strategies, types of tools, educational levels, and effectiveness outcomes. This article aimed to identify and classify AI-mediated pedagogical strategies used to develop communication, collaboration, and critical thinking in educational contexts. A systematic review article was conducted, following a structured search strategy in Scopus and inclusion and exclusion criteria designed to select empirical studies and scientific reviews related to educational AI, soft skills, and pedagogical contexts. The final corpus consisted of 41 studies, organized into four analytical dimensions: AI-mediated pedagogical strategies, AI tools associated with soft skills, educational levels and disciplinary areas, and pedagogical effectiveness outcomes. The findings revealed the predominance of generative AI, chatbots, language models, conversational agents, intelligent tutoring systems, and feedback tools as resources to support academic writing, critical questioning, co-creation, simulation, instructional design, and collaborative learning. The evidence showed that AI is more effective when integrated through teacher scaffolding, structured activities, critical evaluation, and ethical guidance. It is concluded that AI can strengthen soft skills when conceived as an intentional pedagogical mediation rather than as a substitute for human reasoning
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